Ты не слушаешь. Что мы упускаем, разучившись слушать, и как это исправить - Кейт Мёрфи

206 …увеличивая звуковое давление примерно на двадцать децибел… – Horowitz, Universal Sense, 75.

207 …поэтому люди продолжают чистить уши ватными палочками – Cassie Shortsleeve, “Why It Feels So Damn Good to Stick a Q–tip in Your Ear,” Men’s Health, March 7, 2017, https://www. menshealth.com/health/a19542654/why–sticking–qtips–in–ear–feels–so–good/.

208 …вызывает приятные ощущения, вплоть до «ушного оргазма» – “Having an EARGASM by Cleaning Your Ears with a Q-tip,” Facebook page, https://www.facebook.com/Having–an–EARGASM–by–cleaning–your–ears–with–a–Q–tip–270935093839/.

209 От каждой волосковой клетки отходят многочисленные щетинки – Chonnettia Jones and Ping Chen, “Chapter Eight Primary Cilia in Planar Cell Polarity Regulation of the Inner Ear,” Current Topics in Developmental Biology 85 (2008): 197–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070–2153(08)00808–9; William Yost, Fundamentals of Hearing, 5th ed. (Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 2001): 73–95.

210 …от ущерба, причиняемого громкими звуками этим волосковым клеткам – Trevor Mcgill and Harold F. Schuknecht, “Human Cochlear Changes in Noise Induced Hearing Loss,” Laryngoscope 86, no. 9 (1976), https:// doi.org/10.1288/00005537–197609000–00001.

211 Большое количество повседневных занятий может причинить ущерб… – “Decibel Exposure Time Guidelines,” Dangerous Decibels, http://dangerousdecibels. org/education/information–center/decibel–exposure–time–guidelines/; “Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1998,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/98–126/pdfs/98–126.pdf?id= 10.26616/NIOSHPUB98126.

212 …около 1,1 миллиарда молодых людей – “1.1 Billion People at Risk of Hearing Loss,” February 27, 2015, World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/ear-care/en/.

213 …около 48 миллионов человек – “Statistics and Facts About Hearing Loss,” Center for Hearing and Communication, http://chchearing.org/facts–about–hearing–loss/.

214 65% из них не достигли шестидесятилетнего возраста – “12 Myths About Hearing Loss,” AARP, https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2016/hearing-loss-myths-information-kb.html.

215 …занимает третье место по распространенности – “Worker Hearing Loss,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/features/worker-hearing-loss/index.html.

216 …уязвимость перед слуховыми галлюцинациями – A. R. Powers, C. Mathys, and P. R. Corlett, “Pavlovian Conditioning–Induced Hallucinations Result from Overweighting of Perceptual Priors,” Science 357, no. 6351 (2017): 596–600, https://doi.org/10.1126/science. aan3458. C. E. Seashore, “Measurements of Illusions and Hallucinations in Normal Life,” Studies from the Yale Psychological Laboratory, 3 (1895); D. G. Ellson, “Hallucinations Produced by Sensory Conditioning,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 28, no. 1 (1941): 1–20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0054167; H. V. Helmholz, Treatise on Physiological Optics, vol. 3 (New York: Dover, l962); “Researchers Explore What Happens When People Hear Voices That Others Don’t,” Yale News, August 10, 2017, https://news.yale.edu/2017/08/10/ researchers–explore–what–happens–when–people–hear–voices–others–dont.

217 …вел записи своих «ослышек» – Oliver Sacks, “Mishearings,” New York Times, June 5, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/opinion/oliver–sacks–mishearings.html.

218 Сильвия Райт дала ему название в 1954 году – Sylvia Wright, “The Death of Lady Mondegreen,” in Get Away from Me with Those Christmas Gifts (New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 1957).

219 …из-за эффекта Мак-Гурка – Kaisa Tippana, “What Is the McGurk Effect?,” Frontiers in Psychology 5, no. 725 (2014), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg . 2014. 00725. See also: “Try The McGurk Effect!–Horizon: Is Seeing Believing?,” YouTube video, 3:25, posted by BBC, November 10, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch? v = G–lN8vWm3m0.

220 …к целому ряду нехороших эмоциональных и социальных последствий – Andrea Ciorba, Chiara Bianchini, Stefano Pelucchi, and Antonio Pastore, “The Impact of Hearing Loss on the Quality of Life of Elderly Adults,” Clinical Interventions in Aging 7 (2017): 159–163, https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S26059; “Hearing Loss Impact,” Cleveland Clinic, https://my. clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17052–hearing–loss–impact; Mary Kaland and Kate Salvatore, “The Psychology of Hearing Loss,” ASHA Leader, March 1, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR1.07052002.4.

221 …не более чем 60% от максимальной громкости – “Make Listening Safe,” World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/1706PBDleaftlet _ A4 English lowres for web170215.pdf.

222 Накопление ушной серы… – Daniel F. McCarter, Angela Courtney, Susan M Pollart, “Cerumen Impaction,” American Family Physician 75, no. 10 (2007): 1523–1528.

223 …не только слуховое, но и визуальное восприятие – Ruth Campbell, “The Processing of Audio– Visual Speech: Empirical and Neural Bases,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363, no. 1493 (2008): 1001– 1010, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2155.

224 …на стыке зрительной и слуховой коры мозга. – Paul Johns, Clinical Neuroscience (London: Churchill Livingston, 2014), 27–47.

225 …ваше понимание собеседника на 20% состоит из чтения по губам – Horst M. Muller, “Neurobiological Aspects of Meaning Constitution During Language Processing,” in Situated Communication, eds. Gert Rickheit and Ipke Wachsmuth (New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006), 243; David Owen, “High–Tech Hope for the Hard of Hearing,” New Yorker, March 27, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/04/03/high–tech–hope–for–the–hard–of–hearing.

226 …не менее 55% эмоционального содержания устной речи – Albert Mehrabian, Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1981), 75–80; Dilip Sundaram and Cynthia Webster, “The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Service Encounters,” Journal of Services Marketing 14, no. 5 (2000): 378–391, https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040010341008; Cynthia Barnum and Natasha Wolniansky, “Taking Cues from Body Language,” Management Review 78, no. 6 (1989): 59–61; Jon E. Grahe and Frank J. Bernieri, “The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport,” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 23, no. 4 (1999): 253–269, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021698725361.

227 …он выдает себя всеми порами своего тела – John O’Neill, The Domestic Economy of the Soul: Freud’s Five Case Studies (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2011), 67.

228 …задолго до того, как люди научились речевому общению – Irenaus Eibl–Eibesfeldt, Love and Hate: A Natural History of Behavior Patterns (Foundations of Human Behavior), 1st ed. (New York: Routledge, 2017); Charles Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998). grammaticalization of facial expressions C. Fabian Benitez–Quiroz, Ronnie B. Wilbur, and Aleix M. Martinez, “The Not Face: A Grammaticalization of Facial Expressions of Emotion,” Cognition 150 (2016): 77–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.02.004.

229 …воспитанные эмоционально безучастными, подавленными или сердитыми родителями – Alice Schermerhorn, “Associations of Child Emotion Recognition with Interparental Conflict and Shy Child Temperament Traits,” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (2018), https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0265407518762606.

230 …проводят слишком много времени за экраном компьютера или телевизора – Kyung-Seu Cho and Jae-Moo Lee, “Influence of Smartphone Addiction Proneness of Young Children on Problematic Behaviors and Emotional Intelligence: Mediating Self-Assessment Effects of Parents Using Smartphones,” Computers in Human Behavior 66 (2017): 303–311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.063; Elisabeth Engelberg