Отношения любви: Норма и патология - Отто Кернберг

В заключение скажу, что, на мой взгляд, существует постоянный конфликт между конвенциональной нормой и приватной моралью, которую каждая пара выстраивает для себя как элемент своей целостной сексуальной жизни; эта мораль подразумевает неконвенциальную степень свободы, которую пара должна отвоевать для себя. Хрупкий баланс между сексуальной свободой, эмоциональной глубиной и системой ценностей, отражающий функцинирование зрелого Супер-Эго, – сложное завоевание человека, обеспечивающее базис для глубоких, страстных, противоречивых и вместе с тем удовлетворяющих и обладающих потенциалом прочности отношений. Интеграция агрессии и полиморфной перверзивной инфантильной сексуальности в стабильные любовные отношения – задача как для индивидуума, так и для пары. Эту интеграцию невозможно осуществить путем социального манипулирования, но, к счастью, и подавить можно лишь посредством общественных норм в самых экстремальных обстоятельствах.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Albee, E. (1962). Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? New York: Simon &. Schuster Pocketbook, 1964.

Alberoni, F. (1987). L’Erotisme. Paris: Ramsay.

Altman, L. L. (1977). Some vicissitudes of love. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 25: 35—52.

Anzieu, D. (1986). La scene de menage. In L’Amour de la Haine, Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse 33: 201—209.

Arlow, J. A. (1974). Dreams and myths. Paper presented on the occasion of the founding of the St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute, October.

Arlow, I. A., Freud, A., Lampl-de Groot, J., & Beres, D. (1968). Panel discussion. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 49: 506—512.

Arndt, W. В., Jr. (1991). Gender Disorders and the Paraphilias. Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press.

Bak, R. C. (1973). Being in love and object loss. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 54: 1—8.

Balint, M. (1948). On genital love. In Primary Love and Psychoanalytic Technique. London: Tavistock, 1959, pp. 109—120.

Bancroft, J. (1989). Human Sexuality and Its Problems. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Barnett, M. (1966). Vaginal awareness in the infancy and childhood of girls. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 14: 129—141.

Bartell, G. D. (1971). Group Sex. New York: Signet Books.

Bataille, G. (1957). L’Erotisme. Paris: Minuit.

Baumeister, R. F. (1989). Masochism and the Self. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Benjamin, J. (1986). The alienation of desire: Women’s masochism and ideal love. In Psychoanalysis and Women: Contemporary Reappraisals, ed. J. L. Alpert. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 113—138.

Bergmann, M. S. (1971). Psychoanalytic observations on the capacity to love. In Separation-Indmduation: Essays in Honor of Margaret S. Mahler, ed. J. McDevitt & C. Settlage. New York: International Universities Press, pp. 15—40.

_____. (1980). On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 49: 56-77.

_____. (1982). Platonic love, transference, and love in real life. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 30: 87—111.

_____. (1987). The Anatomy of Loving. New York: Columbia University Press.

Bertolucci, B. (1974). Last Tango in Paris.

Bion, W. R. (1961). Experiences in Groups and Other Papers. New York: Basic Books.

_____. (1967). The imaginary turn. In Second Thoughts: Selected Papers on Psycho-Analysis, by W. R. Bion. Northvale, N.J.: Aronson, pp. 3—22.

Blum, H. P. (1973). The concept of erotized transference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 21: 61—76.

_____. (1976). Masochism, the ego ideal, and the psychology of women. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 24: 157—191.

Braunschweig, D., &. Fain, M. (1971). Eros et Anteras. Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot.

_____. (1975). Le Nuit, le jour. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Chasseguet-Smirgel, J. (1970). Female Sexuality. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

_____. (1973) Essai sur l’ideal du moi. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

_____. (1974). Perversion, idealization, and sublimation. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 55: 349—357.

_____. (1984a). The femininity of the analyst in professional practice. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 65: 169—178.

_____. (1984b). Creativity and Perversion. New York: Norton.

_____. (1985). The Ego Ideal: A Psychoanalytic Essay on the Malady of the Ideal. New York: Norton.

_____. (1986). Sexuality and Mind: The Role of the Father and the Mother in the Psyche. New York: New York University Press.

_____. (1989). The bright face of narcissism and its shadowy depths. In The Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Narcissistic Personality Disorder, ed. O. F. Kemberg. Philadelphia: Saunders, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 709—722.

_____. (1991) Sadomasochism in the perversions: Some thoughts on the destruction of reality. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 39: 399—415.

Chodorow, N. (1978). The Reproduction of Mothering. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Cooper, A. (1988). The narcissistic-masochistic character. In Masochism: Current Psychoanalytic Perspectives, ed. R. B. Click &. D. J. Meyers. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press, pp. 117—138.

David, C. (1971). L’Etat Amoureux. Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot.

Deutsch, H. (1944—45). The Psychology of Women. 2 vols. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Dicks, H. V. (1967). Marital Tensions. New York: Basic Books.

Emde, R. (1987). Development terminable and interminable. Plenary presentation at the 35th International Psycho-Analytical Congress, Montreal, Canada, July 27.

Emde, R., et al. (1978). Emotional expression in infancy: 1. Initial studies of social signaling and an emergent model. In The Development of Affect, ed. M. Lewis &. L. Rosenblum. New York: Plenum, pp. 125—148.

Endleman, R. (1989). Love and Sex in Twelve Cultures. New York: Psyche Press.

Erikson, E. H. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56—121.

_____. (1959). Growth and crises of the healthy personality. In Identity and the Life Cycle, Psychological Issues, Monograph 1. New York: International Universities Press, pp. 50—100.

Fairbaim, W. R. D. (1954). An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality. New York: Basic Books.

Fisher, S. (1989). Sexual Images of the Self. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Fraiberg, S. (1982). Pathological defenses in infancy. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 51: 612—635.

Freud, S. (1894). The neuro-psychoses of defence. In Standard Edition, ed. J. Strachey, 3: 43—61. London: Hogarth Press, 1962.

_____. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In S.E., 7: 135—243. London: Hogarth Press, 1953.

_____. (1910a). A special type of object choice made by men. In S.E., 11: 163—175. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1910b). On the universal tendency to debasement in the sphere of love. In S.E., 11: 175—190. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1910c). The taboo of virginity. In S.E., 11: 190—208. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1912). On the universal tendency to debasement in the sphere of love (Contributions to the psychology of love, П). In S.E., 11: 178—190. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.

_____. (1914). On narcissism. In S. E., 14: 69—102. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.

_____. (19I5a). Observations on transference-love. In S.E., 12: 158—171. London, Hogarth Press, 1958.

_____. (1915b). Instincts and their vicissitudes. In S.E., 14. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.

_____. (1915c). Repression. In S.E., 14: 141—158. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.

_____. (19I5d). The unconscious. In S.E., 14: 159—215. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.

_____. (1920). Beyond the pleasure principle. In S.E., 18: 3—64. London: Hogarth Press, 1955.

_____. (1921). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. In S.E., 18: 69—143.

_____. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. In S.E., 20: 87—156. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1930). Civilization and its discontents. In S.E., 21: 59—145. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1933). Femininity. In S.E., 22: 112—125. London: Hogarth Press, 1964.

_____. (1954). The Origins of Psychoanalysis, 1887—1902. New York: Basic Books.

Friedman, R. C., &. Downey, J. (1993). Psychoanalysis, psychobiology and homosexuality. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 41: 1159—1198.

Galenson, E. (1980). Sexual development during the second year of life. In Sexuality: Psychiatric Clinics of North America, ed. J. Meyer. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 37—44.

_____. (1983). A pain-pleasure behavioral complex in mothers and infants. Unpublished.

_____. (1988). The precursors of masochism. In Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob Arlow, ed. H. P. Blum et al. Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, pp. 371—379.

Galenson, E., &. Roiphe, H. (1974). The emergence of genital awareness during the second year of life. In Sex Differences in Behavior, ed. R. Friedman, R. Richardt, & R. Van de Wiele. New York: Wiley, pp. 233—258.

_____. (1977). Some suggested revisions concerning early female development. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 24: 29—57.

Goldberger, M., &. Evans, D. (1985). On transference manifestations in male patients with female analysts. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 66: 295—309.

Green, A. (1983). Narcissisme de vie, narcissisme de mort. Paris: Minuit.

_____. (1986). On Private Madness. London: Hogarth Press.

_____. (1993) Le Travail du negatif. Paris: Minuit.

Green, R. (1976). One hundred ten feminine and masculine boys: Behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities. Archives of Sexual Behavior 5: 425—446.

_____. (1987). The “Sissy Boy Syndrome”. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Greenaway, P. (1990). The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover.

Greene, G., & Greene, C. (1974). S-M: The Last Taboo. New York: Grove Press.

Grossman, W. I. (1986). Notes on masochism: A discussion of the history and development of a psychoanalytic concept. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 55: 379—413.

_____. (1991). Pain, aggression, fantasy, and the concept of sadomasochism. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 60: 22—52.

Grunberger, B. (1979). Narcissism: Psychoanalytic Essays. New York: International Universities Press.

Harlow, H. F. and Harlow, M. D. (1965). The Affectional Systems in Behavior of Non-Human Primates. Vol. 2, ed. A. M. Schrier, H. F. Harlow, & F. Stoll-nitz. New York: Academic Press.

Herzog, J. M. (1983). A neonatal intensive care syndrome: A pain complex involving neuroplasticity and psychic trauma. In Frontiers in Infant Psychiatry, ed. 3. D. Call et al. New York: Basic Books, pp. 291—300.

Holder, A. (1970). Instinct and drive. In Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts of the Theory of Instincts, vol. 3, ed. H. Nagera. New York: Basic Books, pp. 19—22.

Horney, K. (1967). Feminine Psychology. London: Routledge &. Kegan Paul.

Hughes, J. (1985). The Breakfast Club.

Hunt, M. (1974). Sexual Behavior in the 1970s. New York: Dell.

Izard, C. (1978). On the ontogenesis of emotions and emotion-cognition relationships in infancy. In The Development of Affect, ed. M. Lewis &. L. Rosenblum. New York: Plenum, pp. 389—413.

Jacobson, E. (1964). The Self and the Object World. New York: International Universities Press.

_____. (1971). Depression. New York: International Universities Press.

Jones, E. (1935). Early female sexuality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 16: 263—273.

Josselyn, I. M. (1971). The capacity to love: A possible reformulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 10: 6—22.

Karme, L. (1979). The analysis of a male patient by a female analyst: The problem of the negative oedipal transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 60: 253—261.

Kernberg, O. F. (1970). A psychoanalytic classifcation of character pathology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 18: 800—822.

_____. (1974). Mature love: Prerequisites and characteristics. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 22: 743—768.

_____. (1976). Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York: Jason Aronson.

_____. (1978). The diagnosis of borderline conditions in adolescence. In Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 6: Developmental and Clinical Studies, ed. S. Feinstein &. P. L. Giovacchini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 298—319.

_____. (1980a). Internal World and External Reality. New York: Jason Aronson.