Краткая история тела. 24 часа из жизни тела: секс, еда, сон, работа - Дженнифер Акерман
Шрифт:
Интервал:
Закладка:
55
S. M. Somani and P. Gupta, “Caffeine: a new look at an age-old drug”, International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology 26, 521–533 (1988).
56
Samuel Hahnemann, Der Kaffee in seinen Wirkungen (Leipzig, 1803), quoted in Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer, The World of Caffeine (New York: Routledge, 2002), 119.
57
Jack James, Understanding Caffeine (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1997); интервью с Лаурой Джулиано, октябрь 2006 года.
58
W. H. Lewis et al., “Ritualistic use of the holly Ilex guayusa by Amazonian Jivaro Indians”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 33:1–2, 25–30 (1991).
59
J. K. Wyatt et al., “Low-dose repeated caffeine administration for circadian-phase-dependent performance degradation during extended wakefulness”, Sleep 27, 374–381 (2004). Целью этого исследования было найти наилучшую стратегию повышения и поддержания работоспособности тех, кому приходится бодрствовать долгими часами, например врачей и шоферов-дальнобойщиков.
60
Jean-Marie Vaugeois, “Positive feedback from coffee”, Nature 418, 734–736 (2002).
61
J. Blanchard and S. J. A. Sawers, “The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man”, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 24, 93–98 (1983).
62
J. W. Daly et al., “The role of adenosine receptors in the central action of caffeine”, in B. S. Gupta and U. Gupta, eds., Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends (Boca Raton, Fl.: CRC Press, 1999), 1–16.
63
H. P. A. Van Dongen et al., “Caffeine eliminates psychomotor vigilance deficits from sleep inertia”, Sleep 24:7, 813–819 (2001); L. M. Juliano and R. R. Griffiths, “A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features”, Psychopharmacology 176, 1–29 (2004).
64
F. Koppelstatter et al., “Influence of caffeine excess on activation patterns in verbal working memory”, Radiological Society of North America annual meeting, November 2005.
65
То есть испытуемым сказали, что это кофе, тогда как на самом деле предложенный им напиток не обладал стимулирующим эффектом. – Ред.
66
Juliano and Griffiths, “A critical review of caffeine withdrawal”. ГЛАВА 2
67
Rainer W. Friedrich, “Odorant receptors make scents”, Nature 430, 511–512 (2004).
68
J. A. Gottfried, “Smell: central nervous processing”, in T. Hummel and A. Welge-Luessen, eds., Taste and Smell: An Update (Advances in Otorhinolaryngology) (Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 2006), 44–69; интервью с Джеем Готфридом, сентябрь 2006 года.
69
Z. Zou et al., “Odor maps in the olfactory cortex”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:21, 7724–7729 (2005); Z. Zou and L. B. Buck, “Combinatorial effects of odorant mixes in olfactory cortex”, Science 311, 1477–1481 (2006); R. Ranganathan and L. B. Buck, “Olfactory axon pathfinding: who is the pied piper?”, Neuron 35:4, 599–600 (2002).
70
A. K. Anderson et al., “Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction”, Nature Neuroscience 6:2, 196–202 (2003); Stephan Hamann, “Nosing in on the emotional brain”, Nature Neuroscience 6, 106–108 (2003).
71
T. W. Buchanan et al., “A specific role for the human amygdala in olfactory memory”, Learning and Memory 10:5, 319–325 (2003); интервью с Джеем Готфридом, сентябрь 2006 года.
72
J. Plailly, “Involvement of right piriform cortex in olfactory familiarity judgements”, Neuroimage 24, 1032–1041 (2005).
73
Это Тим Джейкоб из Кардиффского университета. См.: http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/taste.html и http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/index.html.
74
S. Chu and J. J. Downes, “Odour-evoked autobiographical memories: psychological investigations of the Proustian phenomena”, Chemical Senses 25, 111–116 (2000).
75
C. Miles and R. Jenkins, “Recency and suffix effects with serial recall of odours”, Memory 8:3, 195–206 (2000).
76
Z. Zou et al., “Odor maps in the olfactory cortex”; Ranganathan and Buck, “Olfactory axon pathfinding”; M. Pines, “The memory of smells”, in Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling the World: A Report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d140.html, retrieved March 25, 2005.
77
D. M. Small et al., “Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans”, Neuron 47, 593–605 (2005).
78
G. M. Shepherd, “Smell images and the flavour system in the human brain”, Nature 406, 316–321 (2006).
79
D. V. Smith and R. F. Margolskee, “Making sense of taste”, Scientific American, March 2001, 32–39.
80
Bernd Lindemann, “Receptors and transduction in taste”, Nature 413, 219–225 (2001).
81
A. Cruz and B. G. Green, “Thermal stimulation of taste”, Nature 403, 889–892 (2000).
82
K. Talavera et al., “Heat activation of TRPM5 underlies thermal sensitivity of sweet taste”, Nature 438, 1022–1025 (2005).
83
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays and English Traits, vol. 5, ch. 2, “Voyage to England” (Harvard Classics, 1909–1914). www.bartleby.com/5/202.html.
84
Интервью с Полом Бреслином, октябрь 2006 года.
85
U.-K. Kim et al., “Genetics of human taste perception”, Journal of Dental Research 83:6, 448–453 (2004); B. Bufe et al., “The molecular basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil bitterness perception”, Current Biology 15:4, 322–327 (2005); A. Caicedo and S. D. Roper, “Taste receptor cells that discriminate between bitter stimuli”, Science 291, 1557–1560 (2001).
86
M. A. Sandell and P. A. S. Breslin, “Variability in a taste receptor gene determines whether we taste toxins in food”, интервью с Полом Бреслином, сентябрь 2006 года.
87
N. J. Dominy and P. Lucas, “The ecological importance of trichromatic colour vision in primates”, Nature 410, 363–366 (2001).
88
L. A. Isbell, “Snakes as agents of evolutionary change in primate brains”, Journal of Human Evolution 51, 1–35 (2006).
89
B. C. Verrelli and S. A. Tishkoff, “Signatures of selection and gene conversion associated with human color vision variation”, American Journal of Human Genetics 75, 363–375 (2004).
90
K. Jameson et al., “Richer color experience in observers with multiple photopigment opsin genes”, Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 8:2, 244–261 (2001).
91
Уильям Джеймс (1842–1910) – американский психолог и философ, представитель радикального эмпиризма и основоположник прагматизма, брат писателя Генри Джеймса. Автор фундаментального труда «Принципы психологии», остающегося классикой психологии. – Ред.
92
William James, Principles of Psychology, vol. 1 (1890). http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/james/principles/prin9.htm.
93
R. A. A. Campbell and A. J. King, “Auditory neuroscience: a time for coincidence?”, Current Biology 14, R886–888 (2004).
94
G. D. Pollak, “Model hearing”, Nature 417, 502–503 (2002).
95
Этот постулат позаимствован у Э. Джеймса Хадспета в ходе интервью 31 января 2005 года; D. K. Chan and A. J. Hudspeth,
