Сверхнормальные. Истории, которые делают нас сильнее - Мэг Джей
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93
E. Mavis Hetherington, «Should We Stay Together for the Sake of the Children?» in Coping with Divorce, Single Parenting, and Re-Marriage, ed. E. Mavis Hetherington (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1999), 93–116.
94
Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60–246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, October 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.
95
Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60-246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, October 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.
96
Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
97
Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60-246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.
98
Lenore J. Weitzman, The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America (New York: Free Press, 1985), 16–41.
99
Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
100
Elizabeth Warren, A Fighting Chance (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014).
101
Adam Phillips and Barbara Taylor, On Kindness (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009).
102
Michael Rutter, «Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorder», British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 6 (1985): 598–611.
103
Tamar Lewin, «Poll Says Even Quiet Divorces Affect Children’s Path», New York Times, November 5, 2005, по состоянию на 22 января 2017 года, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/us/poll-says-even-quiet-divorces-affect-childrens-paths.html?_r=0; Elizabeth Marquardt, Between Two Worlds: The Inner Lives of Children of Divorce (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005).
104
Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687.
105
Judy Dunn et al., «Family Lives and Friendships: The Perspectives of Children In Step-, Single-Parent, and Nonstep Families», Journal of Family Psychology 15, no. 2 (2001): 272–287.
106
Roger Brown and James Kulik, «Flashbulb Memories», Cognition 5, no. 1 (1977): 73–99.
107
Исследования, изучающие воспоминания-вспышки, показывают, что особенно эмоциональные события воспринимаются нами как запомнившиеся более ярко и подробно, хотя запомнившиеся детали не всегда соответствуют действительности; см. также обзор в Elizabeth A. Phelps, «Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala», Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 27–53; Olivier Luminet and Antonietta Curci, Flashbulb Memories: New Issues and New Perspectives (New York: Psychology Press, 2008).
108
William James, The Principles of Psychology (New York: Holt, 1890), 670.
109
Jean Martin Charcot, «Lessons on the Illnesses оf the Nervous System Held at the Salpetriere», vol. 3, A. Delahaye and E. Lecrosnie, Paris: Progrиs Medical 3 (1887).
110
Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies in Hysteria (Boston: Beacon Press, 1950).
111
Sigmund Freud, «On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena», (лекция, прочитанная на собрании клуба Wienermedizinische club, 11 января 1893 года), in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud 3 (London: Hogarth Press, 1962), 281–387.
112
Pierre Janet, Psychological Healing: A Historical and Clinical Study, vols. 1–2, trans. PG. Paul and E. Paul (New York: Macmillan, 1925; оригинальный труд опубликован в 1919 году), 660.
113
Abram Kardiner, The Traumatic Neuroses of War (Mansfield Centre, CT: Martino, 2012).
114
Roy R. Grinker and John P. Spiegel, War Neuroses (Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1945)
115
Roy F. Baumeister et al., «Bad Is Stronger than Good», Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (2001): 323–370.
116
Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168.
117
Jacek Debiec and Joseph E. LeDoux, «The Amygdala and the Neural Pathways of Fear», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (NewYork: Humana, 2009), 23–38; Elizabeth A. Phelps, «Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala», Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 27–53.
118
Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 401–404.
119
Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168–169.
120
Гипоталамус выделяет кортикотропин-рилизинг-гормон (КРГ). КРГ, в свою очередь, стимулирует гипофиз, который стимулирует выброс адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ). АКТГ воздействует на надпочечники, которые, в свою очередь, вырабатывают диэфирин, норадреналин и кортизол.
121
Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 206; James L. McGaugh, «The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences», Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 (2004): 1–28; обзоры см. в James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); James L. McGaugh, «Memory: A Century of Consolidation», Science 287, no. 5451 (2000): 248–251.
122
См. обзор исследований в области классического условного рефлекса в James L. McGaugh, «The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences», Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 (2004): 1–28; James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); Donald G. Rainnie and Kerry J. Ressler, «Physiology of the Amygdala: Implications for PTSD», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Humana, 2009), 39–78.
123
Существует теория, что слишком сильный и продолжительный стресс негативно влияет на гиппокамп; Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 243–244.
124
James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), 111.
125
Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 403.
126
Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 145.
127
Eitan D. Schwarz and Janice M. Kowalski, «Malignant Memories: PTSD in Children and Adults After a School Shooting», Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (1991): 936–944.
128
Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander PG. McFarlane, and Lars Weisеth, Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society (New York: Guilford, 2007), 3–23.
129
Leanne ten Brinke, Stephen Porter, and Alysha Baker, «Darwin the Detective: Observable Facial Muscle Contractions Reveal Emotional High-Stakes Lies», Evolution and Human Behavior 33, no. 4 (2012): 411–416.
130
Bessel A. van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2014).
131
Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362.
132
E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (New York: Norton, 2003); Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362.
133
William V. Fabricius and Jeff A. Hall, «Young Adults’ Perspectives on Divorce Living Arrangements», Family Court Review 38, no. 4 (2000): 446–461.
134
Andre Agassi, Open: An Autobiography (New York: Vintage, 2010), 27.
135
Отчет взят из Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008).
136
Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008), 20.
137
Kristine Erickson, Wayne Drevets, and Jay Schulkin, «Glucocorticoid Regulation of Diverse Cognitive Functions in Normal and Pathological Emotional States», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 27, no. 3 (2003): 233–246.
138
Это называется реакцией «замри»; Jeffrey A. Gray, The Psychology of Fear and Stress, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
139
Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168.
140
Adeen Flinker et al., «Redefining the Role of Broca’s Area in Speech», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 9 (2015): 2871–2875.
141
Alastair M. Hull, «Neuroimaging Findings in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Systematic Review», British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 2(2002): 102–110; Scott L. Rauch et al., «A Symptom Provocation Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Positron Emission Tomography and Script-Driven Imagery», Archives of General Psychiatry 53, no. 5 (1996): 380–387; Lisa M. Shin et al., «A Positron Emission Tomographic Study of Symptom Provocation in PTSD», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821, no. 1 (1997): 521–523; Lisa M. Shin et al., «Visual Imagery and Perception in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomographic Investigation», Archives of General Psychiatry 54, no. 3 (1997): 233–241; Bessel A. van der Kolk, «The Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology of PTSD», Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 16, no. S1 (2001): S49–S64.
142
Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008).
