Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности - Самюэль Хантингтон

{32} Franklin D. Roosevelt, quoted in John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), p. 3; Robert N. Bellah, The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in a Time of Trial (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1992), p. 88; Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (Boston, Little Brown, 2nd. ed. 1973), p. 3.

{33} Wilbur Zelinsky, The Cultural Geography of the United States (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1992), p. 23–4.

{34} John Higham, Send These to Me: Jews and Other Immigrants in Urban America (New York: Atheneum, 1975), p. 6.

{35} Herman Merivale, Lectures on Colonization and Colonies Delivered Before the University of Oxford in 1839, 1840, & 1841 (London: Oxford University Press, 1928); Albert Galloway Keller, Colonization: A Study of the Founding of New Societies (Boston: Ginn, 1908).

{36} John Porter, The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 60, quoted in Jack p. Green and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), p. 205; Zelinsky, The Cultural Geography of the United States, p. 13–14; Michael Lind, Vietnam: The Necessary War (New York: Free Press, 1999), p. 122–23.

{37} Ronald Syme, Colonial Elites: Rome, Spain and the Americas (London: Oxford University Press, 1958), p. 18; Alexis de Tocqueville, letter to Abbe Leseur, 7 September 1831, quoted in George W. Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1938) p. 314.

{38} David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 6–7; J. Rogers Hollingsworth, «The United States», in Raymond Grew, ed., Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States (Princeton University Press, 1978), p. 163.

{39} Louis Hartz, The Founding of New Societies (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1964). Относительно критики взглядов Харца на распространение американских ценностей и стабильность американского общества см. John Gerring, «The Perils of Particularism: Political History After Hartz», Journal of Policy History, 11 (1999), p. 313–22; Leo p. Ribuffo, «What Is Still Living in ‘Consensus’ History and Pluralist Social Theory», American Studies International, 38 (February 2000), p. 42–60.

{40} George Peabody Gooch, English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth Century (New York: Harper, 1959), p. 71.

{41} Frederick Jackson Turner, The Frontier in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 1920), p. 1.

{42} Peter D. Salins, Assimilation, American Style (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 23; U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 2000 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, p. 18.

{43} Richard T. Gill, Nathan Glazer, and Stephen A. Thernstrom, Our Changing Population (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1992); Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: Harper Collins, 1997), p. 283; Jim Potter, «Demographic Development and Family Structure», in Jack p. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), p. 149; Congressman Glover quoted in D. W. Meinig, The Shaping of America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 2, p. 222.

{44} Campbell Gibson, «The Contribution of Immigration to the Growth and Ethnic Diversity of the American Population», Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 136 (June 1992), p. 166.

{45} Richard Hofstadter, quoted in Hans Kohn, American Nationalism: An Interpretive Essay (New York: Macmillan, 1957), p. 13; Samuel p. Huntington, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 24, 23.

{46} Benjamin Franklin quoted in Kohn, American Nationalism, p. 7.

{47} Jürgen Heideking, «The Image of an English Enemy During the American Revolution», in Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase and Ursula Lehmkuhl, eds., Enemy Images in American History (Providence, R. I.: Berghahn Books, 1997), p. 104, 95.

{48} John M. Owen IV, Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American Politiucs and International Security (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), p. 130 and passim.

{49} Rogers M. Smith, «The ‘American Creed’ and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States», Western Political Quarterly, 41 (June 1988), p. 226; Michael Lind, The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution (New York: Free Press, 1995), p. 46.

{50} Herbert C. Kelman, «The Role of Social Identity in Conflict Resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian Problem-Solving Workshops», paper presented at the Third Biennial Rutgers Symposium on Self and Social Identity: Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Resolution (April 1999), p. 1.

{51} George W. Pierson, The Moving American (New York: Knopf, 1973), p. 5; Jason Schacter, «Geographical Mobility: Population Characteristics», Current Population Reports (U. S. Census Bureau, p. 20–538, 2001), p. 1.; Stephen Vincent Benйt, Western Star (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1943), p. 3.

{52} Alexander Mackey quoted in John Higham, «Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History», The Journal of American History, 61 (June 1974), p. 17; Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965), p. 64.

{53} Frederick Jackson Turner, Frontier and Section: Selected Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961), p. 37; Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), p. 290, n. 3; Lord Dunmore quoted in Pierson, Moving America, p. 51. See generally Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978).

{54} Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 18.

{55} Russell Bourne, The Red King’s Rebellion: Racial Politics in New England, 1675–1678 (New York: Atheneum, 1990), p. 23–26; James D. Drake, King Philip’s War: Civil War in New England, 1675–1676 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), p. 36–37.

{56} Alan Taylor, «In a Strange Way», New Republic,