Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности - Самюэль Хантингтон

{132} Peter Steinfels, New York Times Book Review, 17 August 1997, p. 20.

{133} Ronald Inglehart and Marita Carballo, «Does Latin America Exist? (And is There a Confucian Culture?): A Global Analysis of Cross-Cultural Differences», PS: Political Science & Politics, 30 (March 1997), p. 44; Ronald Inglehart, «The Clash of Civilizations? Empirical Evidence from 61 Societies» (Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 23–25 April 1998), p. 9–10.

{134} Dohen, Nationalism and American Catholicism, p. 171; Schaff, America, p. 72–73; Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew, p. 100, 152–154; Dohen, Nationalism and American Catholicism, p. 171.

{135} John Ireland, The Church and Modern Society: Lectures and Addresses (St. Paul: Pioneer Press, 1905), p. 58, quoted in Dohen, Nationalism and American Catholicism, p. 109 and 165.

{136} Kwam Anthony Appiah, «The Multiculturist Misunderstanding», New York Review of Books, 9 October 1997, p. 31.

{137} Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1, p. 314–15; Bryce, The American Commonwealth, vol. 2, p. 576–77.

{138} The People v. Ruggles, 8 Johns. 295 (1811); Wills, Under God, p. 424; David J. Brewer, The United States: A Christian Nation (Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1905); Justice Sutherland, U. S. v. Macintosh, 283 U. S. 605 (1931), 633–34; Justice David J. Brewer, Church of the Holy Trinity v. U. S., 143 US 457 (1892), 465, 471; Justice William O. Douglas, Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U. S. 306 (1952), 312; Foster, «A Christian Nation: Signs of a Covenant», p. 122, 134–135; Thomas C. Reeves, «The Collapse of the Mainline Churches», in Robert Royal ed., Reinventing the American People: Unity and Diversity Today (Washington, D. C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1995), p. 204–205.

{139} Quoted in Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, p. 12.

{140} Russell Shorto, «Belief by the Numbers», New York Time Magazine, 7 December 1997, p. 60; Barna Research Group results in The American Enterprise, 6 (November/December 1995), p. 12, 19; CUNY survey, New York Times, 10 April 1991, p. A1; National Election Studies.

{141} Diana Eck, «Neighboring Faiths: How Will Americans Cope with Increasing Religious Diversity?» Harvard Magazine (September/October 1996), p. 40; New York Times, 29 January 2000, p. A11.

{142} Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 114–115, 223; Jeff Spinner, The Boundaries of Citizenship: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality in the Liberal State (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), p. 174–75.

{143} New York Times, 10 April 1991, p. A1, A16, 24 April 2000, p. A11; New York Times Magazine, 7 December 1997, p. 60; Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 102–05.

{144} Trollope quoted in Seymour Martin Lipset, The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York: Norton, 1979), p. 156; Eisenhower quoted in Johnson, «Almost Chosen People», p. 87, citing Christian Century magazine interview.

{145} Irving Kristol, «On the Political Stupidity of the Jews», Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation (Autumn 5760/1999), p. 60, cited by The Wilson Quarterly, 24 (Winter 2000), p. 87.

{146} Karl Zinsmeister, «Indicators», American Enterprise, 9 (November/December 1998), p. 19ff.; George Gallup, Jr., and Jim Castelli, The People’s Religion: American Faith in the 90’s (New York: Macmillan, 1989), p. 18, 91.

{147} Wills, Under God, p. 388, n28; Andrew M. Greeley, Religious Change in America, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989), p. 8, 44–50, 115–116; Gallup and Castelli, The People’s Religion, p. 36.

{148} Gallup and Castelli, The People’s Religion, p. 6, 11–13, 30, 31, 36; Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll, 9–10 December 2002, 2–4 September 2002; Andrew M. Greeley, «American Exceptionalism: The Religious Phenomenon», in Byron E. Shafer, ed., Is America Different?: A New Look at American Exceptionalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 99.

{149} Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith, p. 238, 268–70; Finke and Stark, The Churching of America, p. 15–16.

{150} Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol. 2, p. 6; Robert N. Bellah, Varieties of Civil Religion (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980), p. 17.

{151} Justice Douglas, Zorach v. Clawson, 343 U. S. 306 (1952), 313; President Eisenhower, quoted in Mead, The Nation with the Soul of a Church, p. 25.

{152} Conrad Cherry, «Two American Sacred Ceremonies: Their Implications fore the Study of Religion in America», American Quarterly, 21 (Winter 1969), p. 748.

{153} W. Lloyd Warner, «An American Sacred Ceremony», in Russell E. Richey and Donald G. Jones, eds., American Civil Religion (New York: Harper & Row, 1974), p. 89–113.

{154} Peter Steinfels, «Beliefs: God at the Inauguration: An Encounter That Defies American Notions About Church and State», New York Times, 23 January 1993, p. 7.

{155} D. W. Brogan, The American Character (New York: Vintage, 1959), p. 164.

{156} Bellah, Varieties of Civil Religion, p. 11–13; Cherry, «Two American Sacred Ceremonies», p. 749–50.

{157} Isaiah Berlin, «Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power», Partisan Review, 46 (No. 3, 1979), p. 348, quoted in John Mack, «Nationalism and the Self», The Psychohistory Review, 2 (Spring 1983), p. 47–48; Anthony D. Smith, National Identity (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1991), p. 143; Wilbur Zelinsky, Nation into State: The Shifting Symbolic Foundations of American Nationalism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1988), p. 1.

{158} Benjamin Franklin quoted in Max Savelle, «Nationalism and Other Loyalties in the American Revolution», American Historical Review, 67 (July 1962), p. 903.

{159} S. M. Grant, «‘The Charter of Its Birthright’: The Civil War and American Nationalism», Nations and Nationalism, 4 (April 1998), p. 163.

{160} Richard L. Merritt, Symbols of American Community, 1735–1775 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. 174, 180.

{161} John M. Murrin, «A Roof Without Walls: The Dilemma of American National Identity», in Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein, and Edward C. Carter